Learning How to Read Essay -- Cognitive Process, Childhood, Reading

schooling to read is a complex cognitive process which progresses throughout childhood. In order to develop good reading and written skills, an individual requires both orthographic knowledge and phonological awareness (Waldie et al., 2013). Orthographic knowledge is the top executive to use information stored in memory to represent spoken speech in written form. On the other hand, phonological awareness refers to the readiness to detect and understand sound structure and phonemes (the smallest units of distinct sound in a specific language). Models of reading such as the parallel distributed bear on (PDP) models suggest that both orthographic and phonological systems work together to prompt lexical semantics (Waldie et al., 2013). Some children afford great difficulty in discipline to read, and if this problem persists, may be assessed to identify whether or not they have a learning disability, such as dyslexia. In this essay a brief definition of dyslexia will be given foll owed by a short introduction of early research that points towards a biological backside for dyslexia. Specific neural pathways and brain regions will then be identify and findings discussed in relation to specific topographical areas of the brain investigated in dyslexics. on that point are many different definitions of dyslexia, but most studies characterize dyslexia as a neurobiological disorder resulting in reading impairment disdain the intellectual aptitude, sociocultural opportunities, and motivation to read with accuracy and fluency (Lyon et al., 2003). It nookie also be characterised by difficulties in spelling, working memory and decoding abilities. Furthermore, dyslexia can be broadly categorised into two main types developmental or acquired, although there are num... ...f Neurology, 7(1), pp. 35 - 46.Rumsey, J.M., Donohue, B.C., Brady, D.R., Nace, K., Giedd, J.N. & Andreason, P. (1997). A Magnetic ringing Imaging Study of Planum Temporale Asymmetry in Men with Devel opmental Dyslexia. archives of Neurology, 54(12), pp. 1481 - 1489.Schneider, P., Scherg, M., Dosch, H.G., Specht, H.J., Gutschalk, A. & Rupp, A. (2002). Morphology of Heschls Gyrus Reflects Enhanced Activation in the Auditory cerebral cortex of Musicians. Nature Neuroscience, 5(7), pp. 668 - 694.Waldie, K.E., Haigh, C.E., Badzakova-Trajkov, G., Buckley, J. & Kirk, I.J. (2013). Reading the Wrong Way with the Right Hemisphere. Brain Sciences, 3(1), pp. 1060 - 1075.Wernicke, C. (1874). Der aphasische Symptomenconplex Eine psychologische Studies auf Anatomischer arse (The Aphasia Symptom-Complex A Psychological Study on an Anatomical Basis). Breslau Cohn and Weigert.