Effect of Parental Separation on Adolescence

Effect of enatic Separation on AdolescenceZeenat JawedPARENTAL SEPARATION AND ITS CONSEQUENCES FOR ADOLESCENCEFamily is one of the important sociable spaces which give you identity shelter, security, senses of belonging and alike nurtures the temperament of a soulfulness. Pargonnts discombobulate an important social function to run the family with harmony. They provide basis for the organisement of personality and, guide their kidskinren to face the challenges of the original atomic number 18na. Child define to adjust in decree and read congresss with others by observing the role of their refers (Bandura, 1989). Parents allure on baby ontogeny in three different ways which includes direct interaction with youngster in activities, emotional identification and, corpulent stories about family extremitys and relatives (Kagan, 1999).The interpersonal sex act of parents excessively has an move on kidskin development. fit to Moore, Kinghorne and Bandy (2011), t he quality of agnate relationship is allied with the positivistic or prejudicious outcome in babys behavior, affectionate competence, and eng boardment in shallow, parent- pincer communication and paternal savouring of aggravation. The reflection of maternal(p) relation either lifts up or disrupts the child development. If the conflict persists and parents aspire disunite so it bequeath impact the development of children. This paper will explore worldwide and Pakistans prevalence, motives of break, and its impact on childs development in different peaks of life briefly, with more focus on adolescence format. Furthermore, it will also provide some possible interventions for children to cope up with this emotional trauma without compromising their development.The reason for choosing this acmeic is that I micturate witnessed a 14 years old girl during my clinical whose parents got divorced that exercised on her life optimisticly and negatively. She involved in studie s more and became racy but simultaneously, she was depressed, had fear about future life, and didnt participate in any sociable activities.PrevalenceDivorce is the physical and legal judicial breakup of spouse from their relation (Parveen, 2010). The rate of divorce is increasing day by day. Worldwide Divorce Statistics, (n.d.), states that Beralus, United Kingdom and United states are among top twenty countries with the highest divorce rate of 68%, 53% and 49% respectively. correspond to Avila (2013), The United States Bureau of the Census (2005) estimated over 1 million children induce parental divorce each year. fit in to Strohschein et al. (2009) and Juby et al. (2005) as cited in Ambert Vanier land of the Family (2005), about 20% -30% children experience parental divorce at the age of 18 and 15 respectively.According to the statistics retrieved from the court of senior civil justness Lahore and Faisalabad, cited in Parveen (2010), since January to April 2008, 3223 and 14 66 cases were registered respectively. About 80 to 85 cases are being registered daily. In addition, a study was conducted in Karachi showed that parental conflict results in negative outcome among their children. The study also suggests that 80.5% to 97.5% of children got affected by parental conflicts (Ali, Assad, Mogren, Krantz, 2011). This absolute frequency shows that it is the most scorching issue in our society and around world that compels me to review this issue through my paper.Causes of divorceThere is a temporality in the world that every cause precedes an effect. Similarly, there are plastered causes that may snuff its to dissolution of the married bond. There is no similar cause for every divorce. Frolick, (2011) as cited in Khurshid, Khatoon, Khurshid, (2012) affirms that, every divorce is unique deal a snow flake. There is an increasing rate of divorce in Pakistan, and the few prevalent reasons are Lack of sacrifice, forced marriages, greed, phrase family system , difference in social status and highly flusher orientated women (Khurshid, Khatoon, Khurshid, 2012).There are incompatible differences between partners that become necessary for the person to get divorced. Lack of communication, poverty, difference in education level, any material body of abuse (physical, emotional, verbal or knowledgeable), disloyalty, early marriages, mismatch (sexual, intellectual and emotional), sexual dysfunction or disease and drug addiction give notice also be the contributing factors of divorce (Khurshid, Khatoon, Khurshid, 2012).According to Ali, Assad, Mogren, Krantz, (2011), there is a supposititious model that dish outs to depict the causes of intimate partner fury (IPV) that in my opinion, keep whizzs to separation. These include psychopathological, sociological, gender, and family systems theories. Sociological theories portrayed that low education, economic vulnerability and mark move leads to conflict. Gender theories states the cultura l and social construct of gender, where man founder power and superiority, while women have inferior status that makes women dependent and insecure for violence. Furthermore, in my opinion, uncertainty and hesitation towards spouse backside be a take chances factor and it was the main cause of divorce in my long-sufferings case. Moreover, psychopathological theory suggests that certain psychiatric diseases and disorders maybe a contributing factor. Likewise, family system theories revealed that leave out of communication, ineffective problem solving can leads to violence. Therefore it can be assumed that these factors can ultimately lead to divorce.Consequences of divorceConsequences for the couple Divorce can be both(prenominal) positive and negative. In my opinion, getting away from the stressful relationship could be cooperative for a person. Individual can live happy life a head if they are not happy and satisfied with their existing marital life. Literature also suggest s that those who ends their relation due to high conflict and violence and grasps an opportunity to change are happier in their later life (Waite Gallagher, n.d.).On the other hand, divorce can be a stressful solution too. Initially, the divorced couple feels relaxed but as time passes, they become harsh, flimsy and easy to break. They become socially isolated and anxious. Furthermore, men are at risk of substance abuse while women are more habituated towards depression, poverty, loneliness and stigmatization (Waite Gallagher, n.d.). Literature suggests that regardless of poverty and depression, women get patronize from the trauma easily as compared to men (Amato Cheadle, 2005).Consequences for childrenAttachment theory The relation and bond between parents and children is very important for personality development and inter-group communication in later life. According to John Bowlby theory of attachment cited in Fraley, (n.d.), there are three shells of attachment i.e. se cure, avoidant and yucky. In the first type of attachment, the child experiences unconditioned positive regard, loving, warm and responsive placement of parents. It champions to fix intimacy, empathic and chokeive behaviors towards their partner and tends resolve their conflicts with constructive strategies. In avoidant attachment, parents shows demanding, disrespectful, sarcastic and harsh attitude towards their children. It leads to jealousy, privation of intimacy and love in adulthood. The resistant attachment is the spotlight of jump in and out that means that the attitude of parents is unpredictable. This pursued the child to amalgamate completely with others and build their relations promptly but it cannot exist for long.The initial years of life is marked with physical, cognitive, language, social and emotional development and it is also vulnerable for acquiring negative things (McIntosh, 2011).The early childhood is a very crucial time in which child develop trust in the world with healthy parenting (Americas Angel, 2011). After divorce, the men of child is stipulation to one parent due to which, the child lacks attending and care from other parent. For example, if an infant is separated from puzzle, the primary source of satisfaction in infancy, the child will end up in separation anxiousness (Stuart, 2009). In my opinion it will develops mistrust in child for the real world.According to Erickson, preschooler stage is marked with initiative vs. guilt (Americas Angel, 2011). They suffers from depression, confusion, foul up in joyless play, desire for the absent parent, feel guilty and goddamn themselves for the conflict and divorce of their parents (Kruk, 2013). In my view, if parents dont give attention to their children due to their marital conflicts and separation, this may develops avoidant attachment which subsequently leads to jealousy and lack of intimacy in later life.Likewise, school-age children build competency and mastery b y participating more in pedantics. They make friends that play an important role in developing self-esteem in child (McLeod, 2008). Following divorce, children doesnt interact with friends more, they suffer from sleep problems and have low grade academic performance (Ambert Vanier Institute of the Family, 2005). In my opinion, low grade results from lack of parental participation in academics and avoidance of children due to marital conflict.Adolescence (11-20 years) is a stage where drastic change occurs such as pubertal changes, peer relation and physical maturity. Stuart (2009) affirms that it is a period where child is moving towards adulthood, preparing for marriage, career, acquiring sets of set and an ethical system. According to Erickson, in this stage, an adolescent forms his own identity which suffices to make intimacy in young adulthood. Consequences of separation are equal for both girls and boys (Department of Justice Canada, 1997). Furthermore, I have detected some sign and symptoms in patient and also supported by a literature, adolescents may feel anger, depression, anxiety and fear, and emotional distress, early or late menarche and blame themselves for separation of their parents. Garvin and colleagues (1991) cited in Avila(2013) affirms that children whose parent got divorce had higher rates of depression, sexual performing out, substance abuse, conduct disorders, school problems, and delinquent behavior as compared to the children of inherent family. Furthermore, according to attachment theory, child may feel avoidant and resistant attachment with parents that deteriorates academic performance. In my belief it is because of lack of participation of parents in school due to which child get demotivated and shows poor performance at school. According to Stuart (2009), the children face difficulty in identification of one parent as a victim and develop rejection for other. Literature suggests that parental separation also puts a child at ri sk for divorce (Amato Cheadle, 2005). They become disheartened about their future intimate relation (Stuart, 2009). Therefore, I believe that this stage is very crucial and could have dangerous affects of suffering.Furthermore, it is also observed that if the custody of child is given to opposite sex parent, it can also lead to problematic circumstances. For example, in Pakistans context, if an adolescent girl is living with her capture so she may face many problems at puberty because of lack of guidance from mother. Similar situation goes with boys. They cannot discuss their reproductive health problems with mother flexibly. Children might have problems in identification of their same-sex parents due to lack of interaction with non-custodial parents.On the other hand, the divorce can leave positive do as well. The patient that I had encountered showed positivity and coped with in an appropriate manner. She became resilient, indulges in studies and showed good academic performan ce. Middleton, (n.d.) insists that child learn positivity and becomes resilient, adaptable, have self-confidence, shows empathy, and learn more through quality time spent with each parent separately.After adolescence, a person enters in adulthood phase where they make relations and start their own family. If the impact of parental divorce is positive, they are most likely to build good relation with their spouse and children. According to Erickson, they develop intimacy and generativity however, in my opinion, they will get isolated from society and family and experience despair because they havent achieved their goal due to parental conflict and separation.RecommendationsAs health care personnel, we need to support child during this traumatic event. It is important to help child in the grieving period. Friends and family member can play a significant role in it. Furthermore, we can involve child in different group work that help to alleviate the depressive symptoms and provides opp ortunity to deal with pre and post divorce stress. Besides we can support child in reframing their perception about divorce and help to modify their thoughts into positivity. Avila (2013) states that it can be attain with Psycho-educational and counseling which help child to cope with the reality and impacts of separation. Cognitive behavioral therapy can be given to child in order to change their negative thinking (Avila, 2013). scotch child in activities to divert their mind from stressful situation to the relaxed situation such as sports. Show empathy towards child to make them realize that they are not alone in this situation. Moreover we can refer child to those who has coped with parental divorce appropriately.In my opinion, it is also important to teach family to support child during this period. Instruct family and custodial parent to allow child to obligate relation with the absent parent. Allow child to choose with whom they wants to live. Guide them not to discuss about the absent parent in front of child otherwise it will make child more depressed. Parents are need to fulfill the need of child and spend more time with them.In conclusion, the inter-parental relation plays an important role in the development of child. They can influence both positively and negatively. Good parental relation can kindle well-being of a child otherwise it will disrupt the development of child. Divorce is the legal separation of spouses. It has both positive and negative impact on the couple as well on their children. Additionally, child will have psychological, behavioral, social, physical and emotional problem in their development. Every stage is very crucial but adolescences are at greater risk to be affected with parental separation as it provides identity to children which help to develop intimacy in later life. By following higher up mentioned strategies, children can cope up with this painful event smoothly.